# 电脑健康检查
# 硬盘
- 工具
sudo apt-get install smartmontools
- 检查命令
sudo smartctl -a /dev/sdb1
- 输出结果
# smartctl 7.2 2020-12-30 r5155 [x86_64-linux-6.8.0-52-generic] (local build)
# Copyright (C) 2002-20, Bruce Allen, Christian Franke, www.smartmontools.org
# === START OF INFORMATION SECTION ===
# Model Family: Toshiba 2.5" HDD MQ01ABF...
# Device Model: TOSHIBA MQ01ABF050
# Serial Number: 76U7SKVUS
# LU WWN Device Id: 5 000039 72590be7a
# Firmware Version: AM0P2D
# User Capacity: 500,107,862,016 bytes [500 GB]
# Sector Sizes: 512 bytes logical, 4096 bytes physical
# Rotation Rate: 5400 rpm
# Form Factor: 2.5 inches
# Device is: In smartctl database [for details use: -P show]
# ATA Version is: ATA8-ACS (minor revision not indicated)
# SATA Version is: SATA 3.0, 6.0 Gb/s (current: 6.0 Gb/s)
# Local Time is: Sat Mar 22 16:45:47 2025 CST
# SMART support is: Available - device has SMART capability.
# SMART support is: Enabled
# === START OF READ SMART DATA SECTION ===
# SMART overall-health self-assessment test result: PASSED
# General SMART Values:
# Offline data collection status: (0x00) Offline data collection activity
# was never started.
# Auto Offline Data Collection: Disabled.
# Self-test execution status: ( 20) The self-test routine was aborted by
# the host.
# Total time to complete Offline
# data collection: ( 120) seconds.
# Offline data collection
# capabilities: (0x5b) SMART execute Offline immediate.
# Auto Offline data collection on/off support.
# Suspend Offline collection upon new
# command.
# Offline surface scan supported.
# Self-test supported.
# No Conveyance Self-test supported.
# Selective Self-test supported.
# SMART capabilities: (0x0003) Saves SMART data before entering
# power-saving mode.
# Supports SMART auto save timer.
# Error logging capability: (0x01) Error logging supported.
# General Purpose Logging supported.
# Short self-test routine
# recommended polling time: ( 2) minutes.
# Extended self-test routine
# recommended polling time: ( 122) minutes.
# SCT capabilities: (0x003d) SCT Status supported.
# SCT Error Recovery Control supported.
# SCT Feature Control supported.
# SCT Data Table supported.
# SMART Attributes Data Structure revision number: 128
# Vendor Specific SMART Attributes with Thresholds:
# ID# ATTRIBUTE_NAME FLAG VALUE WORST THRESH TYPE UPDATED WHEN_FAILED RAW_VALUE
# 1 Raw_Read_Error_Rate 0x000b 100 100 050 Pre-fail Always - 0
# 3 Spin_Up_Time 0x0027 100 100 001 Pre-fail Always - 913
# 5 Reallocated_Sector_Ct 0x0033 100 100 050 Pre-fail Always - 0
# 9 Power_On_Hours 0x0032 041 041 000 Old_age Always - 23910
# 12 Power_Cycle_Count 0x0032 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 1078
# 191 G-Sense_Error_Rate 0x0032 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 127
# 192 Power-Off_Retract_Count 0x0032 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 121
# 193 Load_Cycle_Count 0x0032 087 087 000 Old_age Always - 136011
# 194 Temperature_Celsius 0x0022 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 35 (Min/Max 2/52)
# 199 UDMA_CRC_Error_Count 0x0032 200 200 000 Old_age Always - 0
# 240 Head_Flying_Hours 0x0032 083 083 000 Old_age Always - 6939
# 241 Total_LBAs_Written 0x0032 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 12324240610
# 242 Total_LBAs_Read 0x0032 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 16070706291
# 254 Free_Fall_Sensor 0x0032 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 0
# SMART Error Log Version: 1
# No Errors Logged
# SMART Self-test log structure revision number 1
# Num Test_Description Status Remaining LifeTime(hours) LBA_of_first_error
# # 1 Short offline Aborted by host 40% 14960 -
# # 2 Short offline Completed without error 00% 1966 -
# # 3 Short offline Completed without error 00% 0 -
# SMART Selective self-test log data structure revision number 1
# SPAN MIN_LBA MAX_LBA CURRENT_TEST_STATUS
# 1 0 0 Not_testing
# 2 0 0 Not_testing
# 3 0 0 Not_testing
# 4 0 0 Not_testing
# 5 0 0 Not_testing
# Selective self-test flags (0x0):
# After scanning selected spans, do NOT read-scan remainder of disk.
# If Selective self-test is pending on power-up, resume after 0 minute delay.
- 解读
- Raw_Read_Error_Rate: 即底层数据读取错误率，是存储器从一个硬盘表面读取数据时发生的错误率。这是硬盘健康状态的一个重要指标,反映了磁头从磁盘表面读取数据时出现的错误情况。这个数值是硬盘在运行时根据实测原始数据通过公式计算的结果，不同硬盘的计算公式和原始值可能有所不同。因此，直接比较不同硬盘的Raw_Read_Error_Rate数值可能没有太大意义，重要的是关注其变化趋势和与临界值的比较。正常范围：新硬盘刚开始使用时，Raw_Read_Error_Rate的当前值通常可以认为是预设的最大正常值（这个值因硬盘型号而异，可能是100、200或253等）.临界值：硬盘厂商会指定一个表示硬盘可靠性的门限值，即临界值（或阈值）。如果Raw_Read_Error_Rate的当前值接近或超过这个临界值，就意味着硬盘可能变得不可靠，存在数据丢失或硬盘故障的风险。
- Pre-fail: 即预失败或预先失效，通常指的是在设备或系统实际发生故障之前，已经表现出一些预示未来可能发生故障的迹象或信号。在硬盘健康监测方面，Pre-fail状态可能表示硬盘在数据传输或文件完整性校验过程中出现了checksum failure（校验和失败），这可能是由于数据传输错误、数据损坏或硬盘本身的物理问题导致的。在这种情况下，即使硬盘还没有完全失效，但已经出现了可能影响数据完整性和可靠性的迹象，因此被视为处于预失败状态。
- Spin-Up Time（起转时间），指的是某个系统、设备或服务从初始启动到进入正常工作状态所需的时间。对于传统机械硬盘（HDD），Spin-Up Time通常为数秒到十几秒不等，具体时间取决于硬盘的型号和规格。而固态硬盘（SSD）则没有机械部件，因此其Spin-Up Time趋近于零。
- Reallocated_Sector_Ct表示硬盘在存取过程中发现扇区有问题时，将坏扇区的数据重新映射到备用扇区的数量。这个过程是硬盘自我修复的一种机制，旨在保持数据的完整性和可访问性。
- Power_On_Hours指的是设备自上次完全断电以来持续通电工作的时间总和。
- Old_age: 表示硬盘因长时间使用而达到或接近其设计寿命的状态